ILSFUM2016: 8th ILSF Users' Meeting

27 Apr 2016, 08:30 → 28 Apr 2016, 16:00 Asia/Tehran

Rajaee Conference Hall (Qazvin Science & Technology Park)

The meeting provides a unique forum for the synchrotron radiation users, presenting an important opportunity for the experienced or potential beamline users and researchers to share scientific, technical and practical issues about the synchrotron radiation use.

Poster Announcement Poster

Wednesday 27 April

Registration

Opening Session

Convener: Prof. MohammadHadi Hadizadeh Yazdi (Ferdowsi University of Mashhad)

1 Opening Ceremony

2 ILSF Progress Report

Project history explaining the major steps has been presented. In order to demonstrate the progress status, various phases of the construction are shown. Site selection, main accelerator design specifications, and research & development activities from the early stage of the project have been discussed. Special attention is given to the success of the project on collaboration with other light sources across the world and to the capacity building on accelerator design and on the science and users side of ILSF.

Speaker: Dr Javad Rahighi (Iranian Light Source Facility)

Poster Hanging

11:00 Tea Break

Second Session

Convener: Prof. Hossein Afarideh (Department of Energy Engineering & Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran)

3 Status and Perspectives of Elettra and FERMI@Elettra

Elettra, one of the first third generation synchrotron radiation sources implemented in Europe, was upgraded with a new full-energy injector and since five years routinely operates in top-up mode both at 2.0 and 2.4 GeV, with increased source stability and availability (over 97% of the scheduled beamtime). This makes Elettra one of the only two sources that were not originally designed with top-up in mind and were later successfully upgraded to this most efficient operating mode. The 26 beamlines available at Elettra now include a new x-ray fluorescence beamline (XRF), partially funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a new x-ray diffraction beamline (XRD2) dedicated to protein crystallography and a new x-ray diffraction beamline (XPRESS) devoted to high pressure studies. The construction of XRD2 and XPRESS, to be opened to external users this Summer, has been partially funded by the Indian Institute of Science of Bangalore (India). We will discuss the possible options for an upgrade of the Elettra source that will produce a twentyfold increase on brightness above 1 keV and would allow Elettra to remain competitive over the next decade. Elettra, one of the first third generation synchrotron radiation sources implemented in Europe, was upgraded with a new full-energy injector and since five years routinely operates in top-up mode both at 2.0 and 2.4 GeV, with increased source stability and availability (over 97% of the scheduled beamtime). This makes Elettra one of the only two sources that were not originally designed with top-up in mind and were later successfully upgraded to this most efficient operating mode. The 26 beamlines available at Elettra now include a new x-ray fluorescence beamline (XRF), partially funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a new x-ray diffraction beamline (XRD2) dedicated to protein crystallography and a new x-ray diffraction beamline (XPRESS) devoted to high pressure studies. The construction of XRD2 and XPRESS, to be opened to external users this Summer, has been partially funded by the Indian Institute of Science of Bangalore (India). We will discuss the possible options for an upgrade of the Elettra source that will produce a twentyfold increase on brightness above 1 keV and would allow Elettra to remain competitive over the next decade. FERMI@Elettra, the only seeded EUV-soft-x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) user facility currently operating worldwide, was implemented by upgrading the S-band Linac - previously employed for injection into Elettra - to a maximum energy of 1.8 GeV, adding an X-band module, and implementing APPLE-II insertion devices as modulators and radiators in a single-stage FEL-1 source already open to users, and a two-stages FEL-2 source currently under commissioning. All undulators were constructed by Kyma, a commercial spin-off company of Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste Both sources afford jitter-free pump-probe capabilities using two-colors configurations or exploiting the UV seed laser as a pump/probe Full control of polarization (from linear through circular) is also available. At the moment FEL-1 is open to the international user community, providing stable, reproducible and fully coherent EUV pulses down to a 10 nm wavelength. We will illustrate the present and projected operation parameters of the FERMI FEL-2 source, which is already producing 10 uJ pulses at a wavelength of 4 nm in the first harmonic. Possible extensions to higher photon energies in the soft-x-ray range through the use of afterburners or specific radiator configurations will be discussed.

Speaker: Dr Alfonso Franciosi (Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste)

4 ALBA, the Spanish Synchrotron

ALBA history started in the first nineties, when a group of visionary scientists proposed to build a synchrotron light source in Spain, as the first national large scientific infrastructure. It was meant to serve and help the development of the national Synchrotron Light User Community, to build up a group with expertise in accelerator physics, to develop an industrial environment with capacities of participation in similar facilities all around the world. The green light was obtained in 2003, and the cornerstone of the first 3rd generation light source in the South-East of Europe was placed in 2006 at about 20 km from Barcelona. Today, since the first official user in May 2012, the seven day-one beamlines have served more than three thousand users, three more beamlines are in construction, and the next phase is defined. The talk will describe, after a short historic introduction, the present status of the infrastructure, the accelerator, the collaboration activities and the outlook for the future.

Speaker: Dr Caterina Biscari (ALBA-CELLS)

Group Photo

13:00 Lunch Break

Third Session

Convener: Dr S. A.H. Rozatian (Esfahan University)

5 Progress Report on Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC) Project

Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC) Project has started with support of the Ministry of Development (MD) of Turkey under coordination of Ankara University. After completing the Feasibility Report (FR, 2000) and the General Design Repot (GDR, 2005), the third phase of the project started in 2006 as an inter- university collaboration under the coordination of Ankara University. The third phase has two principal goals: to write the Conceptual/Technical Design Reports of proposed GeV scale TAC facilities and to establish superconducting electron linac based infrared free electron laser facility (TARLA) as a first facility. TARLA facility is under construction in Gölbasi Campus area of Ankara University and planned as an IR FEL (2-250 microns) and Bremsstrahlung facility based on 15-40 MeV superconducting electron linac. Main purpose of the facility is to use IR FEL for research in material science, nonlinear optics, semiconductors, biotechnology, medicine and photochemical processes (http://tarla.org.tr). Recently, in 2015, technical design reports of proposed TAC facilities are completed. These GeV scale accelerator and light source facilities are a third generation synchrotron radiation facility (TURKAY) based on 3 GeV electron synchrotron, a fourth generation SASE FEL facility (TURKSEL) based on 1-6 GeV electron linac, an electron-positron collider as a super charm factory (TURKFAB) with 3.77 GeV center of mass energy and a multi-purpose proton accelerator facility (TURKPRO) with 3 MeV-2 GeV energy range to use particles and radiations for research and applications in basic and applied sciences in Turkey and our region (http://thm.ankara.edu.tr). In this talk, main outcomes, national and international colloborations, the status and research potentials of TAC facilities and the road map are explained.

Speaker: Prof. Ömer Yavaş (Ankara University)

6 User program and scientific activity of ALBA Synchrotron Light Source

ALBA synchrotron light source (www.cells.es) is the largest Spanish research infrastructure that started full operation of its first seven beamlines on February 2013. I will divide the talk in three parts: i) a general description of the Experiments Division that it runs the user program including a brief overview of the five sections that ensure smooth operation and the building of the new beamlines; ii) an overview of the seven operating beamlines and some scientific results arising from their usage; and iii) a summary of the phase-II and III beamlines, including those under construction and planned. I will start with a very brief description of the structure of the Experiments Division which is optimised for running our external user program: both academic and industrial usage. This structure, with five sections, also cares about the design and building of new beamlines (in close coordination with other divisions of ALBA) as well as managing the user office. Secondly, I will briefly introduce our seven operating beamlines. I will give some technical details as well as scientific challenges that we have been able to tackle. The beamlines within the Chemistry & Material Science Section are: 1) high-resolution and high pressure powder diffraction (BL04-MSPD) which has two endstations, one devoted to very high resolution and very fast powder diffraction and another to microdiffraction running a high-pressure program; and 2) X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies (BL22-CLAESS). The beamlines within the Electronic & Magnetic Structure of Matter Section are: 3) photoemission spectroscopy (BL24-CIRCE) which has two endstations, one devoted to near ambient pressure photoemission (NAPP) and another to photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM); and 4) soft X-ray Magnetic Circular/Linear Dichroism Absorption and Scattering (BL29-BOREAS) which has two endstations, one devoted to absorption spectroscopy and another to scattering. The beamlines within the Life Science & Soft Condensed Matter Section are: 5) macromolecular crystallography (BL13-XALOC), 6) soft X-ray full-field cryo-tomography (BL09-MISTRAL); and 7) small angle and wide angel X-ray scattering (BL11-NCD). Some highlights about the produced science will be presented. Thirdly, I will describe the three additional beamlines which are being currently built: 8) infrared micro-spectroscopy (BL01-MIRAS) that it will become operational in November 2016; 9) angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (BL20-LOREA) that it will become operational in December 2018; and 10) microfocus for macromolecular crystallography (BLxx-MICROFOCUS-MX) which it is expected to become operational in 2020. Finally some hints for the phase III beamlines and ways to collaborate with ALBA synchrotron will be given.

Speaker: Prof. Miguel Aranda (ALBA SYNCHROTRON)

Poster Session

15:50 Tea Break

Fourth Session

Convener: Dr M. Kazemian Abyaneh

7 Science at the XAFS beamline of Elettra

The XAFS beamline at Elettra is dedicated to x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). It is a standard energy scanning XAS beamline built on a bending magnet x-ray source. It is designed to cover a large energy range: from 2.4 to 27 keV. The XAFS beamline aims to meet the needs of researchers in the area of conventional XAS. It is therefore conceived to be general purpose and open to a very wide community of users in many different fields. Its assets are to perform XAS with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio, stability, versatility, reliability and high automation level. In this presentation I will highlight the most recent results obtained at the XAFS beamline. These cover the most classical fields of XAS such as chemistry and materials science evidencing how the technique can play an important role in connecting the structural properties and the functional characteristics of complex systems. As well, I will show how XAS can be applied for answering questions related to the study of alternative sources of energy, nowadays one of the main research subjects globally. Finally, I will discuss results from other disciplines such as environmental science and archaeometry. For these the use of synchrotron radiation has become widespread only recently because of the need of a multidisciplinary approach to find conservation strategies in both fields.

Speaker: Dr Giuliana Aquilanti (Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste)

8 Temperature Dependence of the Electronic Structure of TlInSe2 and Spin Orbit Coupling

By means of high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) the electronic structure of the semiconductor TlInSe2 is investigated across the reported structural phase transitions at 185 K and 135 K. The ARPES intensity maps along the $\Gamma-M$, $\Gamma-N$ and $\Gamma-Z$ directions of the Brillouin zone (BZ) at 300 K, 160 K, and 20 K reveal that the valence band maxima (VBM) are located at the M and Z-point of the BZ. A strong polarization effect was observed in TlInSe2 suppressing the intensity at the VBM at the M-point for horizontal polarization of light. Moreover, a sizeable spin-orbit splitting of the valence bands has also been observed. The absolute energies of the spin-orbit splitting of the valence bands (at $\Gamma:339meV$, $M:141meV$ and $Z:191meV$) are in good agreement with theoretical data based on density functional theory. The experimental band structure data measured at three different temperatures reveal that by cooling band splitting appears between valence bands as a consequence of the structural phase transitions in TlInSe2 compound.

Speaker: Dr Aliakbar Ghafari (Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin)

9 Panel on Iranian Beamline at the International Light Sources

Speakers: Prof. ARANDA MIGUEL (ALBA SYNCHROTRON), Dr Caterina Biscari (ALBA-CELLS), Dr Giuliana Aquilanti (Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste), Dr Javad Rahighi (Iranian Light Source Facility), Prof. Mohammad Lamehi Rachti (AEOI)

Thursday 28 April

Fifth Session

Convener: Prof. Mahmoud Tabrizchi (Isfahan University of Technology)

10 Electronic structure of transparent conducting oxides

A growing number of transparent conducting oxides (TCO’s) combining transparency for visible light with good electrical conductivity has been found and studied. The carrier concentration can be varied in some cases making them either more semiconducting- or metal- like. The preferential doping is n-type while p-type is hard to achieve and only some attempts have been reported. No consensus on the doping mechanism and the preferential donor has been reached. Depending on the doping level these materials can be regarded to zero approximation as degenerate semiconductors. Another concept to understand the peculiar behavior often observed in thin films is the so called charge accumulation layer on the surface giving the basis for the conductivity. In this contribution the electronic structure of high quality single crystals of In2O3 and Ga2O3 is discussed giving access to the intrinsic bulk properties. ARPES on in situ cleaved single crystals is especially used to obtain the bulk bandstructure in comparison to DFT calculations, the fundamental gaps and the effective masses. Special emphasis is laid on the states in the gap. An investigation of the states in the vicinity of EF by ARPES yields results in disagreement with the two dimensional charge accumulation layer model and suggest, that electron phonon coupling leading to polaron states may be an essential ingredient to TCO physics. Finally an overview on recent results obtained by resonant photoemission and X-ray absorption spectroscopy is given. The data can be interpreted in a way that the doping is facilitated by intrinsic defect states in the gap. These states form by configuration interaction leading to opened d-shells and interaction with the ligands.

Speaker: Dr Christoph Janowitz (Humboldt University Berlin)

11 I08-SXM beamline at Diamond: A multimodal scanning X-ray microscope; Recent achievements and future scopes

I08 beamline at Diamond Light Source, UK is hosting a multimodal scanning x-ray microscope that covers a broader photon energy range (250-4400 eV) in its kind, providing access to all major K- and L-absorption edges for elemental and chemical analysis, combined with complementary imaging and spectro-microscopic techniques. The X-ray source for I08 is generated by an Apple II type insertion device and optimised to enable studies exploiting linearly or circularly polarised radiation. The microscope uses a direct approach to illuminate the sample by focusing the beam using Fresnel zone plate which can achieve lateral resolutions down to ~20 nm depending on the imaging mode. In this presentation the beamline and end-station components, will be discussed in more details. The potential of the facility will be described and underlined with examples from different scientific research fields. Some recent achievements in the morphological and chemical characterization of nano- and micro-structured materials will be presented providing an overview of the capabilities of this powerful technique.

Speaker: Dr Majid Kazemian Abyaneh (Diamond Light Source)

12 Towards a Bright Future for Macromolecular Crystallography in Iran

The structure of protein molecules (either in their apo or halo forms) can be determined through three different techniques: (1) X-ray crystallography, (2) NMR and (3) Electron microscopy, with each technique having its own limitations. However, the most widely used method for the determination of protein structure as clearly revealed from the Protein Data Bank statistics to date is X-ray crystallography with 105316 pdb entries compared to NMR with 11377 pdb entries and Electron Microscopy with only 1001 pdb entries. This shows the highly significant (almost 90%) use of X-ray crystallography to reveal protein structure to answer many undoubtedly important questions related to the function of proteins in living organisms. X-ray crystallography of protein molecules, or better said 'macromolecular crystallography' is hence an important and invaluable tool for the determination of protein structures at the atomic detail, giving a wealth of knowledge about the protein bio-molecule. Macromolecular crystallography can be used to provide precious information and covers studies in many research fields including medicine, pharmacy, agriculture and even marine biology. With this information in mind, the work presented here covers the structures obtained and functions studied of proteins involved in (a) bacterial diseases both in human and plants, including results on the IpaH9.8 E3 Ubiquitin ligase from Shigella flexneri and Pectate lyase from Bacillus subtilis, (b) vitamin B12 biosynthesis essential for human diet, including results on the structure, sequence and evolution of methyltransferases fundamental in the decoration of a tetrapyrrole to arrive at the final product and nature's most complex small molecule, Vitamin B12, (c) Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, describing a novel strategy to enable the over-production of soluble human VEGF protein in the conveniently used E. coli and (d) a recent project native to Iran on two Caspian Sea sturgeon Hemoglobin (fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae) revealing novel sequence and structure information. The latter project provides an example of the use of macromolecluar crystallography to advance many essential projects on-hand and of course, the development of ILSF can undeniably provide a bright future for macromolecular crystallography in Iran.

Speaker: Dr Arefeh Seyedarabi (Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran)

Poster Session

10:40 Tea Break

Sixth Session

Convener: Dr R. Asgari

13 Investigation of the Electronic Structure of Organic Liquids by X-Ray Raman Scattering Spectroscopy

The advent of the high brilliance 3rd generation light sources, as well as the design and development of wide solid-angle, multi-crystal, high energy resolution X-ray spectrometers, made X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) study of liquids in the hard X-ray regime a useful method to overcome the requirement of vacuum environment in the soft X-ray regime. This makes X-ray absorption studies of samples that are not stable in vacuum, such as many liquids, possible.

Speaker: Dr Mehran Taherkhani (DESY Synchrotron)

14 BaDElPh@Elettra: A low-photon-energy ARPES system for band mapping and many-body effects in solid materials

The BaDElPh beamline is an undulator-based normal incidence monochromator (NIM) instrument which provides photons in the energy range 4.6-40 eV with high flux, high energy resolution, and horizontal-vertical linear polarization. The beamline serves an end station to perform primarily high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments from solids in the low photon energy regime. Photon energies lower than 15 eV provide enhanced bulk sensitivity, allow for the highest momentum and energy resolution, and are useful for tuning matrix elements which vary rapidly at low energy. The availability of such low photon energies for high-resolution ARPES studies makes BaDElPh unique at Elettra and it is one of the few beamlines available worldwide. In this talk, the status and performance of the system will be presented with also a review of some recent scientific results.

Speaker: Dr Luca Petaccia (Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste)

Visit to ILSF Site: +Group Photo

12:50 Lunch Break

Seventh Session

Convener: Dr N. Hadipour

15 Tips and tricks of a beamline scientist for successful proposals

As facilities, synchrotron light sources are open to researchers willing to perform their studies. To this purpose, synchrotron light sources open calls for proposals periodically: once, twice per year, or more often depending on the particular category of the experiment. Notwithstanding the growing number of facilities around the world, competition to obtain beamtime becomes stronger and stronger. Therefore, writing a *good proposal* is mandatory to be successful. In this presentation I will show the path from proposal submission to experiment scheduling. Then, I will discuss how to write the typical sections of a proposal. Finally, I will give my personal tips and tricks as a beamline scientist that is daily in contact with users for the management and optimization of their measurements.

Speaker: Dr Giuliana Aquilanti (Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste)

16 XANES and XMCD study of (111)-oriented CoFe2O4 and Co0.8Fe2.2O4 thin film grown by pulsed laser deposition technique

The perfect (111)-oriented $CoFe_2O_4$ and $Co_{0.8}Fe_{2.2}O_4$ thin films were grown on Pt(111)/Si substrate using pulsed laser deposition technique. The $Co_{0.8}Fe_{2.2}O_4$ film showed significantly higher magnetization and coercivity than the $CoFe_2O_4$ film. The Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses revealed that Fe in $Co_{0.8}Fe_{2.2}O_4$ film exists in $Fe^{3+}$ state leading to the actual composition of $Co_{0.8}Fe_{2.2}O^{4+δ}$. In comparison with $CoFe_2O_4$ film, the replacing of $Co^{2+}$ (with magnetic moment of 3 magneton Bohr) by $Fe^{3+}$ (with magnetic moment of 5 magneton Bohr) in $Co_{0.8}Fe_{2.2}O_4$ film can be resulted in the increase in magnetization. On the other hand, the origin of high magnetic anisotropy of cobalt ferrite lies in the unquenched orbital moment of the $Co^2+$ cations in octahedral sites of its spinel structure. Hence, the higher coercivity of $Co_{0.8}Fe_{2.2}O_4$ film (Co poor sample) should be investigated through the cation distribution analysis, which is done by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The XMCD results revealed that the $Co^2+$ cations in octahedral sites of $Co_{0.8}Fe_{2.2}O_4$ film is higher than that of the $CoFe_2O_4$ film causing to the higher coercivity for $Co_{0.8}Fe_{2.2}O_4$ film.

Speaker: Dr Mehdi Khodaei (K. N. Toosi University of Technology)

17 Introduction to Element Resolved Magnetic Characterization Using Synchrotron-Based Techniques; Xray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Investigation in Ferromagnetic Semiconductors

Application of synchrotron-based magnetic characterization techniques has opened new insights into the physics of the magnetic structures and devices in condensed matter and has largely contributed to the development of novel magnetic materials in the relevant fields of science and technology such as spintronics. A well-known example of such techniques is the XMCD spectroscopy, which has so far played a major role in the investigation of the magnetic properties of single and multi-component systems where element, magnetic phase and thickness dependencies of the investigated magnetic structures and their magnetic couplings are concerned. In this regard, the principles of the XMCD technique and its applications will be briefly presented within the frame of a case study, where the interlayer magnetic couplings of GaMnAs ferromagnetic semiconductor and a metallic ferromagnet has been studied using this technique. Since the dawn of spintronics, ferromagnetic semiconductors have attracted huge attention because of the co-existence of both semiconducting and magnetic characteristics. This feature provides the possibility of controlling both charge and spin degrees of freedom of the information carriers which can be used to store and process them in unified devices such as spinFETs, Racetrack memories, and magnetic tunnel junctions and hence has made them promising systems for spintronic and more recently for valleytronic applications. Their main problem, however, is their low curie temperature which prohibits their direct application. Among numerous proposed approached to increase the curie temperature, the interlayer magnetic coupling with a high Tc ferromagnet such as Fe layer was first proposed by Macherozzi et al. It was proposed that the interfacial region inside GaMnAs layer would retain its ferromagnetic phase up to room temperature via this approach.

Speaker: Dr khashayar khazen (Condensed matter national lab- IPM)

18 Discussion & Concluding Remarks